Assessment of Genotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity and Reproductive Toxicity of Imidacloprid on Mammalian Models

Imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, isused widely to control various types of harmful insects and pests to prevent crop damage. Use of imidacloprid was increased tremendously in last few decades due to its lowtoxicityon mammals/vertebrates. Consistent use of Imidacloprid in enormous amount showed evidences of toxicity in exposed non-target invertebrates, vertebrates and also in mammals. This review focuses on the extent of toxicity induced at genetic, biomolecular, biochemical and histological level due to exposure of imidacloprid on mammalian models. Various parameters like antioxidant enzyme assays, cytotoxic assays, hematological parameters, histological parameters and reprotoxic assays are used to evaluate the toxicity of imidacloprid in mammalian models. Imidacloprid may damage DNA, alter histology and disturb antioxidant system of the body. The outcome will help in better understanding of imidacloprid toxicity on mammalian systems.   Keywords: Neonicotinoid, Imidacloprid, Mammalian models, Hepatotoxicity, Reproductive toxicity, Genotoxicity